Calcium scales is a hard, chalky substance often adhered on metallic parts of water-operated machinery. It is particularly common in machinery and equipment that involves heat exchangers, such as boilers and cooling towers.
Typical types of scale are calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate, calcium sulfite, calcium phosphate, calcium silicate and others.

The scale deposits on inner surface of boiler, cooling tower and other heat exchanger within water pipework. It may reduce water flow, ending up with increase of water pump pressure, damage on machinery and pipework.

Cooling towers may have frequent scale deposit issues, especially those that have high content of calcium inside.

Some strong scale inhibitors may be a risk to environment. They may also need chemical rising and other measure to address issues caused by the scale inhibitors. The inhibitors may accelerate development of red rust and degradation inside water pipes, resulting in sky-high pipe replacement cost. The Non Scalor does not require maintenance nor running cost.

When water containing elements of calcium scale passes through a pipe fitted with a Non Scalor unit, calcium ions, such as sodium cation, are made to react with carbon dioxide in water and oxidize to be crystallized to nanoparticles. Once this chemical reaction occurs, calcium scale does not deposit in water system.